The Chalet Christmas Trees
The “Decorator Spruce” trees (as described by US Chalet distributor Riekes Crisa) or, as Chalet aficionados call them, the Chalet “Christmas trees” are pieces that are on pretty most every collectors “I Want” list. However, to clarify and before we get into more detail about this form, it is necessary to point out that Chalet produced a second type of tree – the “Spruce Jewelry Tree” or as commonly referred to by collectors – the Chalet “ring tree.” Let’s briefly review the differences between the two forms before we concentrate on the “Christmas” trees.
There are very clear differences in form that distinguish the “ring” trees from the “Christmas” trees. Most notably – the “branches.” The ring tree “branch” pulls are out and have a markedly upward curl to serve their function – to hold jewelry. The “Christmas” tree “branches” have no upward curl at all in any of the styles. The overall form of the ring tree is more tapered and more slender. They have only 3 horizontal rows of pulls with pronounced flat areas interspersed between each row while the Christmas trees have six or eight. Each of the horizontal rows has a line of four vertical pulls from tree-top to base. The “Christmas” trees also have vertical rows but the number of pulls varies. To date, we have only found “ring” trees in clear crystal with the exception of one non-production tree in “slag.” The “Christmas trees” were produced in clear crystal, emerald-green, blue in crystal and “slag.” The “ring” trees have only been found with the ball shaped base while the “Christmas” tree form was produced with more than one style of base. And lastly, the Riekes Crisa catalog lists the “ring” tree in only an 8-inch height while the “Christmas” trees were made in four production heights.
We are very fortunate that Chalet artist Roberto De Marchi has provided us with some “time and place” details about Chalet production of the “Christmas” trees. Specifically, they were made in a team of three glass blowers – one to make the base, a second to create the body and, at finish, the Maestro to add a final layer of crystal “ice” and to examine the piece for imperfections. The “Christmas tree” team that Roberto worked on was most often comprised of himself, close friend and fellow artist Giovanni Voltalina and Maestro Giulio Gatto. Production started in September each year and ran for three weeks. Approximately 200 were made each day so output for the season was roughly 3,000 pieces. Paolo De Marchi remembers seeing the trees in quite a few Cornwall jewelry, department, and gift stores. They were also sold at the Chalet factory and Roberto recalls the Chalet factory prices ranged from $8.00 for one of the smallest to $15.00 for a larger. I used 1970 as the point of reference translating those prices into 2023 prices as that is the year Roberto started at Chalet Artistic Glass. He had worked at Lorraine Glass Industries before Angelo Tedesco persuaded him to relocate to Cornwall. So, 1970 $8.00=$62.16 2023 and 1970 $15.00=$116.54 2023. the general average minimum wage in 1970 was $1.65 hourly. So a small tree would have taken a week’s wages and a large - two weeks! I addition, today’s collectors’ desire to own a Chalet “Christmas” tree has certainly driven their value significantly higher than this strict retail dollar to dollar comparison.
A brief summary regarding the “Christmas” trees:
:they have been found in four distinct styles, to have two different shaped bases and were produced in a range of heights.
:variations between trees of the same style in the pulls and points, the thickness of the body or the base shaping are the norm. These are hand blown not machine made.
:they were typically produced in clear crystal and emerald-green. Some atypically coloured and exceedingly rare trees have also been found – “slag” and a blue imbedded in clear crystal. A few very large, non-production height trees have also been found.
:Chalet did not produce trees in cranberry, opaque “frosted” trees or trees with millefiori, gold, or silver fill. Chalet did not produce bullicante or pulegoso trees either.
:they were marked with different brandings and were carried by several distributors. Chalet also sold them directly to the public in Cornwall.
:it is not uncommon to find damaged or rough pulls.
The four styles of clear crystal Chalet “Christmas” trees:
Jonathon Tremblay, a member of 50 Shades, has quite an extensive “Chalet forest.” We all need to take a breath here … and wait for it – 28 Chalet trees! Do I know how to pick an article partner or what! He has been very insistent about the need for this article for quite some time because as his collection grew, he noticed quite a few differences in styling outside the obvious colour, height and base variations. And no one, me included, seemed to be consistently addressing the differences when identifiers for and characteristics of the Chalet “Christmas” trees were discussed. Therefore, to begin, a quick overview with regard to styling and height before a more detailed examination of each style of trees is presented.
The photograph gallery immediately following shows the four design variations. Jonathon and I have determined that two styles of the trees are the ones most often found. Roberto has no precise information dating each styles but as three of the four styles are found in both the 1976 and later undated Riekes catalog, it is safe to assume that more than one style was being produced at the same time. When asked about this, Roberto replied that he personally had only ever worked on teams that produced the narrower “spruce” tree style with the more pointed “branch” tips. However, he also said that two or three teams worked on these forms each day during the three-week production run. He said it is likely that different teams produced different trees and that the Maestri could also have been given some “creative leeway” to make some of the rarer and Chalet “exception to the rule” trees that collectors have found.
I am going to start with the “bushy” little tree second in from the left. To date, this is the only one of its style that we have found. I believe it is the “spruce” in the earlier 1976 Riekes catalog – the 6” #7237-69. Seen second from the left on the catalog page below.
As stated above, Chalet trees’ interiors are without inclusions and are never bullicante or pulegoso. The top of this tree is relatively long and broadens as it descends into the body of the piece. Its pulls are very “globby” and organic looking and point straight out from the body of the piece without a discernible downward tilt. There are 8 horizontal rows of “branches” after the “tree-top.” Please note, this is different from the other styles of Chalet “Christmas” trees which have 6 horizontal rows of “branches.”
Vertically, there are 4 “branch” pulls and then 5 pronounced “branch” pulls in alternating rows. This is another difference from the other “spruce” styles.
The base of this earlier style of “spruce” is not the lower, flattened “ball base” seen in the later trees (following immediately below) but the higher, softened triangle pedestal. It was made in four production heights but remember variation. You will see a height range in the production run “Christmas” trees from 6” to over 13” and everything in between.
This is the “spruce” tree listing shown in the later, undated Riekes catalog. One of the two styles most frequently seen. Note that while these trees have the same inventory numbers and production heights as in the 1976 catalog, their appearance has definitely changed. They are not as “bushy” and their “branches” end in points not rounded tips that now have a definite downward cant.
As in the earlier “spruce”, this later style has no interior inclusions and is never bullicante or pulegoso. However, the top of the tree is even longer before broadening and it now has 6 horizontal rows of “branches” after the “tree-top” instead of the 8 in the “bushy” style seen above. Vertically, there can be either 4 or 5 pronounced “branch” pulls in each row. If there are 4 rows, near the tree-top are small globby, “branch wannabe’s” as 50 Shades member Gionny Gueli calls them or, “nubbies” to use my term. The pronounced “branch” pulls are quite long and pointed. And, while they do point downward, at their end, there is a slight upward lift. Production heights still ranged from 6 inches to 12 inches.
As Jonathon Tremblay explains; “Think of the tree as having the shape of a tiered wedding cake.”
The following two trees are both 6” later “spruces”(6 not 8 rows of 4 pulls) but notice how different they are in body shape. As stated above, variation is the norm. This is because different artists on different teams worked this form by hand.
The 6-row Chalet “spruce” tree bases are typically “ball” shaped. There are slight variations from one tree to another with some being slightly wider and flatter and not as high as the one that comes next. Expect to see some differences.
To compare, the two different designs of “Decorator Spruce Tree” with the downward pointed “branch” pulls as shown in the two different Riekes catalogs.
This next tree is also listed in with the other “Spruce” as inventory piece #7240-69. However, it is definitely of a different design:
As in the two “pointed branch spruce” styles shown above, this design also has no interior inclusions and is never bullicante or pulegoso. It also has 6 horizontal rows of “branches” after the “tree-top.” Once again, vertically, there are the same 4 pronounced “branch” pulls in each row as in the other styles. Production heights were also 6, 8, 10 and 12-inches. Also, the bases of these “Christmas” trees are the “ball” base and show slight variations in shape and height.
What are the differences between these Chalet “spruce” trees?
The fourth production style is not listed in the Riekes catalogs nor do I have any Chalet inventory sheets on which it appears. It is more scarce but not as rare as the early Chalet “spruce” tree. It is a very different design and brings to mind a tree heavily laden with snow after a storm. Instead of 6 horizontal rows of 4/5 rows of vertical individually pulled branches, it has 6 vertical “rudder” shaped solid rows. The edge of the “branches” can either be smooth or notched. The “tree-top” is not long and narrow – it is more implied in its design than pronounced. The base can be either “ball” shaped or the “softened triangle pedestal.” To date, it has been found in 6, 9, 15, 16 and 17-inch heights.
Both of these “arrow” trees are 6 inches in height. However, there are visible differences in the “branches”, body shape and base.
The tree on the left (from the collection of Jonathon Tremblay) has very pronounced vertical linear lines of “rudder branches” that are close to the core of the piece. They are very downward pointing. Its base is quite hidden. The tree on the right (from the collection of Deborah Patterson) has a high pedestal base that is very obvious. The “branch” columns are less linear and with less of a downward slope. The “branch” edges are nicely notched.
And again, the rarest – the 8 row “spruce.”
The emerald-green Chalet “Christmas” trees:
The emerald-green trees have been found with both styles of bases but most typically, they have the “ball” base. And they were produced in differing heights. However, to date, we have not discovered a large enough quantity to determine the complete range of their height. Presently, I have no photographs on file of emerald-green trees at heights over 9-inches.
You will also note that some of the trees in the photo gallery above are “iced” but that the two on the left top and bottom rows are not.
The Chalet “ Never say Never” exceptions” to the “Christmas” tree rule: “slag”, blue, and very tall non-production height trees:
A very few “slag” (3) Chalet “Christmas” trees have been found. Two of these are the 6 row “pointed spruce” trees with colour in both the bodies and bases.
The third tree is a Chalet “arrow spruce” tree with the “slag” colouring limited to its base. Picture quality is poor but this is the only photograph available.
I guarantee this next Riekes stickered pair will be yet another surprise!
An Ottawa gift store chain, Davis Agency (founded 1945 and still operating as Hallmark franchises) mentions “steel blue” in a 1964 Christmas advertisement for Chalet glass. Although no trees are shown, the timing and colour description is intriguing. Could they have been referring to crystal trees with this atypical shade of blue? We will never know for “fact” but it is fun to speculate! And then, “Crystal trees…” are referred to in this Ottawa Citizen (a division of Postmedia Network Inc.) advertisement of Monday, December 16, 1968. More “I wonder ifs!”
I have had two “arrow” trees significantly larger than production sizes – a 16” and a 17” clear crystal. The former is shown directly below. And I know of a third standing 15-inches.
I have a very special story to share regarding this 17-inch Chalet “Christmas” tree.
Chalet distributors of the “Christmas” trees and their markings:
In Cornwall, the trees were sold directly to the public from the Chalet factory every year during the annual Chalet holiday sale that was held the week before Christmas. The trees were also carried in Cornwall jewelry and gift stores. For supply outside of the local area, two distributors that we know of were Chantili in Montreal, Quebec and N.C. Cameron and Sons Ltd. for national Canadian circulation. In the United States, they were carried and distributed by Riekes Crisa. At this point, I do not know of specific retailers that carried “the trees.” I checked all the newsprint and department catalog advertising that I have but found no mention. A “unicorn” to find!
The trees were most typically stickered with the distributor’s branding. Very few Chalet Artistic Glass branded trees, either stickered or etched, have been found. The most common marking is a Riekes sticker – all four of the Riekes labels have been found on the trees. The small Chantili sticker is typically found on the emerald-green trees. We have found two exceptions – a Riekes Crisa green tree (to follow) and an N.C. Cameron sticker was retained on the emerald-green tree with the “triangle pedestal base tree shown above.
A Chalet “arrow branch ” tree stickered with the English only artist’s palette shaped label used by Canadian distributor N. C. Cameron and Sons Ltd.
The four different labels used by American distributor Riekes Crisa.
This a Chalet “consistent inconsistency” with regard to the marking of the emerald-green trees.
A small 6” Chalet “spruce” that retains the rarest Riekes Crisa sticker:
Now that the “Yes, Chalet” points in the summary have been covered, we need to address what is “Not Chalet.” Starting with some “twins.” Firstly, the trees that were made at Angelo Tedesco’s “Christallerie Chalet Vie et Art” in Saint Zotique, Quebec after Chalet’s closure. Secondly, some of the trees from glass blower Angelo Rossi in Cornwall. Thirdly, the vintage Murano Ferro and Lazzarini trees.
Christallerie Chalet Vie et Art trees:
After Chalet’s closure in 1975, Maestri Sergio Pagnin and Luigi Tedesco (Chalet co-founders and owners) returned to Italy. Angelo Tedesco did not. He remained in Cornwall and for several years returned to engraving glass. Then in 1979, with partner Jean Denis Legault, he opened a small, 2 oven glass house in Saint-Zotique, Quebec. Scope of form was limited and pieces were done only in clear crystal. We have no company documentation regarding this venture but we do have some concrete evidence (2 pieces that have retained their Christallerie Chalet Vie et Art labels) as well as anecdotal evidence from artists Roberto De Marchi and Giulio Gatto.
After the Rossi/Jaslow glass house “Artistic Lightening” in Cornwall closed due to Rossi’s accident and return to Italy, several of the Chalet artists and assistants were able to join Angelo Tedesco in a new venture. Namely Maestro Giulio Gatto and artists Roberto De Marchi, Giovanni Voltalina, Paul and Marcel Gravelle. Roberto and Giulio have told me that the pieces they produced for this company were identical in form and characteristics to many they produced at Chalet including the large elephant figurines, the Christmas and ring trees, and the sailboats. To date, we have not found a sailboat or “Christmas” tree (the 6-row “spruce”) that retain a label proving they were produced at Saint-Zotique but we have found two stickered elephant figurines and a ring tree.
Rossi Artistic Glass “Christmas” trees:
Angelo Rossi opened Rossi Artistic Glass (1981-1994) upon his return to Canada from Italy in 1981. It was not his first glass house in Cornwall which was “Artistic Lighting” that opened on the heels of Chalet’s closure. As stated in the summary above, Chalet did not make “frosted” or cranberry trees. The “frosted” trees were briefly produced at Rossi Artistic Glass. However, glass artist Roberto De Marchi, who also worked at the Rossi factories, has confirmed that these trees were not part of the annual “Christmas tree” inventory. They were only done once in a very limited run.
Typically, Rossi trees are the tall “spruce” form in clear crystal just like Chalet’s six row. Roberto has also confirmed that no Rossi Aristic Glass, Cornwall “Christmas” trees were made in emerald-green so that helps in the “identification” arena. We do not have Rossi catalog pages in which these appear on of yet, nor have we found clear or frosted Rossi marked trees. This is not surprising as Roberto has also said that they were never etched or stickered but given hang tags. However, we do have these newspaper photographs below showing both the clear and frosted crystal “spruce” trees for verification.
The Rossi Glass stickered and hang tagged “Christmas “ tress are not yet “vintage” as these were made in Niagara Falls at his studio which he opened in 2004. They are very different in design from the trees he made in Cornwall so I doubt whether they would be mistaken for Chalet. However, they deserve a showing!
The Italian Ferro and Lazzarini glass house has been producing glass on Murano since 1929. It is still in operation.
They produce stunning art glass trees in a wide range of “shapes and colours.” Some which are markedly different in appearance than Chalet “Christmas” trees while others very closely resemble their Canadian “cousins.”
A few of the more relevant but markedly different. Unlike Chalet, Ferro and Lazzarini produced:
And most relevant of the markedly different, is the “pine” tree with interior bubbles shown in the undated Riekes Crisa catalog. Why? As it is presented on the same catalog page as the Chalet “spruce” trees and the Chalet ring tree, it is extremely easy to get confused.
Cropped catalog page showing the Ferro and Lazzarini “pine tree” inventory numbers:
These two Ferro and Lazzarini trees are commonly mistaken for Chalet trees.
“The tell” between the Chalet and the Ferro and Lazzarini clear crystal “spruces” trees is in the number of horizontal rows. Chalet “Christmas” trees have 6 or 8 rows while these Murano made trees always have seven.
In the Ferro and Lazzarini clear crystal trees, there are always seven horizontal rows with 4, 5 or 6 rows of pulls running vertically toward the base. The number of pulls in the vertical rows differ with tree heights.
As shown above, Ferro and Lazzarini also produced emerald-green “Christmas” trees that are often confused with the same-coloured Chalet version. Thank goodness “the tell” here between the two is much easier to spot!
Vintage Chinese trees:
The 5th Avenue trees are frequently mistaken for Chalet.
Vintage Taiwan trees:
It is necessary to stress that this is one of “those times” that company names cause confusion – deliberately? These two “Arte Murano” labels have no connection to the Taiwanese exporter and distributor “Silvestri”. This latter named company did not manufacture their own glass or distribute Italian product for Murano glass houses. As well as Christmas trees, Silvestri carried a very extensive line of other Christmas decorations. A major American distribution point for them was from Chicago, Illinois. They actually had s retail outlet there where you could purchase seconds. When 50 Shades member Ella Hanks lived in this city, she used to buy all her seasonal supplies here!
Here are the Silvestri “Murano” markings :
Both the crystal and the emerald-green in crystal trees distributed by Silvestri (Taiwan) are confused with Chalet.
There are also Silvestri “frosted” trees.
I am unclear on the maker of this tree other than it was also made in Taiwan and also exported to the United States. However, the distributor for this tree was California based “Artistic Gifts Inc.”
Vintage Japanese trees:
This Sigma tree retains an original distributor’s sticker
A Japanese tree distributed by Enesco.
Vintage French trees:
Daum:
Cristalliere Lorraine:
Another vintage Italian tree:
Vintage Swedish trees:
1961-1983 FM Konstglas Ronneby
1983-1989 FM Marcolin
1989-1991/Marcolin Art Crystal
This company’s trees are very often called “Chalet.”
Before 1983 name change, the company is called FM Konstglas Ronneby and pieces could be etched or stickered.
After 1983 name change, company name is now FM Marcolin and pieces are etched.
After a second name change in 1989, the company now operates as Marcolin Art Crystal and pieces are stickered:
It’s beginning to look a lot like Christmas!
Video of Luke Baldwin Glass making a Christmas tree. Courtesy of Ella Hanks.
Let’s end this with a community celebration of the season, the trees, and the artists who created our collections! And a fervent “thanks” from me to one particular member of that community – Ella Hanks for being a “go to” on this article as well as Jonathon’s and my “early reader.” As she has a very extensive and lovely Christmas tree collection (you saw some of her crystal trees above) her input was invaluable!